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001 /* Copyright (C) 2004 The SOS Team 001 /* Copyright (C) 2004 The SOS Team >> 002 Copyright (C) 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 002 003 003 This program is free software; you can redi 004 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or 004 modify it under the terms of the GNU Genera 005 modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License 005 as published by the Free Software Foundatio 006 as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 006 of the License, or (at your option) any lat 007 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. 007 008 008 This program is distributed in the hope tha 009 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, 009 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the 010 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of 010 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR 011 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the 011 GNU General Public License for more details 012 GNU General Public License for more details. 012 013 013 You should have received a copy of the GNU 014 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License 014 along with this program; if not, write to t 015 along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software 015 Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 3 016 Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, 016 USA. 017 USA. 017 */ 018 */ 018 019 019 /* Include definitions of the multiboot standa 020 /* Include definitions of the multiboot standard */ 020 #include <bootstrap/multiboot.h> 021 #include <bootstrap/multiboot.h> 021 #include <hwcore/idt.h> 022 #include <hwcore/idt.h> 022 #include <hwcore/gdt.h> 023 #include <hwcore/gdt.h> 023 #include <hwcore/irq.h> 024 #include <hwcore/irq.h> 024 #include <hwcore/exception.h> 025 #include <hwcore/exception.h> 025 #include <hwcore/i8254.h> 026 #include <hwcore/i8254.h> 026 #include <sos/list.h> << 027 #include <sos/physmem.h> << 028 #include <hwcore/paging.h> << 029 #include <hwcore/mm_context.h> << 030 #include <hwcore/swintr.h> << 031 #include <sos/kmem_vmm.h> << 032 #include <sos/kmalloc.h> << 033 #include <sos/time.h> << 034 #include <sos/thread.h> << 035 #include <sos/process.h> << 036 #include <sos/klibc.h> 027 #include <sos/klibc.h> 037 #include <sos/assert.h> 028 #include <sos/assert.h> 038 #include <drivers/x86_videomem.h> 029 #include <drivers/x86_videomem.h> 039 #include <drivers/bochs.h> 030 #include <drivers/bochs.h> 040 #include <sos/calcload.h> << 041 031 042 032 043 /* Helper function to display each bits of a 3 033 /* Helper function to display each bits of a 32bits integer on the 044 screen as dark or light carrets */ 034 screen as dark or light carrets */ 045 void display_bits(unsigned char row, unsigned !! 035 static void display_bits(unsigned char row, unsigned char col, 046 unsigned char attribute, !! 036 unsigned char attribute, 047 sos_ui32_t integer) !! 037 sos_ui32_t integer) 048 { 038 { 049 int i; 039 int i; 050 /* Scan each bit of the integer, MSb first * 040 /* Scan each bit of the integer, MSb first */ 051 for (i = 31 ; i >= 0 ; i--) 041 for (i = 31 ; i >= 0 ; i--) 052 { 042 { 053 /* Test if bit i of 'integer' is set */ 043 /* Test if bit i of 'integer' is set */ 054 int bit_i = (integer & (1 << i)); 044 int bit_i = (integer & (1 << i)); 055 /* Ascii 219 => dark carret, Ascii 177 = 045 /* Ascii 219 => dark carret, Ascii 177 => light carret */ 056 unsigned char ascii_code = bit_i?219:177 046 unsigned char ascii_code = bit_i?219:177; 057 sos_x86_videomem_putchar(row, col++, 047 sos_x86_videomem_putchar(row, col++, 058 attribute, 048 attribute, 059 ascii_code); 049 ascii_code); 060 } 050 } 061 } 051 } 062 052 063 053 064 /* Clock IRQ handler */ 054 /* Clock IRQ handler */ 065 static void clk_it(int intid) 055 static void clk_it(int intid) 066 { 056 { 067 static sos_ui32_t clock_count = 0; 057 static sos_ui32_t clock_count = 0; 068 058 069 display_bits(0, 48, 059 display_bits(0, 48, 070 SOS_X86_VIDEO_FG_LTGREEN | SOS_ 060 SOS_X86_VIDEO_FG_LTGREEN | SOS_X86_VIDEO_BG_BLUE, 071 clock_count); 061 clock_count); 072 clock_count++; 062 clock_count++; 073 063 074 /* Execute the expired timeout actions (if a << 075 sos_time_do_tick(); << 076 << 077 /* Update scheduler statistics and status */ << 078 sos_sched_do_timer_tick(); << 079 } 064 } 080 065 081 !! 066 /* Division by zero exception handler */ 082 /* =========================================== !! 067 static void divide_ex(int exid) 083 * Page fault exception handling << 084 */ << 085 << 086 << 087 /* Page fault exception handler with demand pa << 088 static void pgflt_ex(int intid, struct sos_cpu << 089 { 068 { 090 static sos_ui32_t demand_paging_count = 0; !! 069 static sos_ui32_t div_count = 0; 091 sos_vaddr_t faulting_vaddr = sos_cpu_contex << 092 sos_paddr_t ppage_paddr; << 093 << 094 if (sos_cpu_context_is_in_user_mode(ctxt)) << 095 { << 096 /* User-mode page faults are considered << 097 moment */ << 098 sos_bochs_printf("Unresolved USER page F << 099 sos_cpu_context_get_PC( << 100 (unsigned)faulting_vadd << 101 (unsigned)sos_cpu_conte << 102 sos_bochs_printf("Terminating User threa << 103 sos_thread_exit(); << 104 } << 105 << 106 /* Check if address is covered by any VMM ra << 107 if (! sos_kmem_vmm_is_valid_vaddr(faulting_v << 108 { << 109 /* No: The page fault is out of any kern << 110 the moment, we don't handle this. */ << 111 sos_display_fatal_error("Unresolved page << 112 sos_cpu_context_ << 113 (unsigned)faulti << 114 (unsigned)sos_cp << 115 SOS_ASSERT_FATAL(! "Got page fault (note << 116 } << 117 << 118 << 119 /* << 120 * Demand paging in kernel space << 121 */ << 122 << 123 /* Update the number of demand paging reques << 124 demand_paging_count ++; << 125 display_bits(0, 0, 070 display_bits(0, 0, 126 SOS_X86_VIDEO_FG_LTRED | SOS_X8 071 SOS_X86_VIDEO_FG_LTRED | SOS_X86_VIDEO_BG_BLUE, 127 demand_paging_count); !! 072 div_count); 128 !! 073 div_count++; 129 /* Allocate a new page for the virtual addre << 130 ppage_paddr = sos_physmem_ref_physpage_new(F << 131 if (! ppage_paddr) << 132 SOS_ASSERT_FATAL(! "TODO: implement swap. << 133 SOS_ASSERT_FATAL(SOS_OK == sos_paging_map(pp << 134 SO << 135 FA << 136 SO << 137 | << 138 | << 139 sos_physmem_unref_physpage(ppage_paddr); << 140 << 141 /* Ok, we can now return to interrupted cont << 142 } << 143 << 144 << 145 /* =========================================== << 146 * Demonstrate the use of SOS kernel threads << 147 * - Kernel Threads are created with various << 148 * state is printed on both the console and << 149 * - For tests regarding threads' synchroniza << 150 */ << 151 << 152 struct thr_arg << 153 { << 154 char character; << 155 int color; << 156 << 157 int col; << 158 int row; << 159 }; << 160 << 161 << 162 static void demo_thread(void *arg) << 163 { << 164 struct thr_arg *thr_arg = (struct thr_arg*)a << 165 int progress = 0; << 166 << 167 sos_bochs_printf("start %c", thr_arg->charac << 168 while (1) << 169 { << 170 progress ++; << 171 display_bits(thr_arg->row, thr_arg->col+ << 172 << 173 sos_bochs_putchar(thr_arg->character); << 174 << 175 /* Yield the CPU to another thread somet << 176 if ((random() % 100) == 0) << 177 { << 178 sos_bochs_printf("[37myield(%c)[m\ << 179 sos_x86_videomem_putchar(thr_arg->ro << 180 SOS_ASSERT_FATAL(SOS_OK == sos_threa << 181 sos_x86_videomem_putchar(thr_arg->ro << 182 } << 183 << 184 /* Go to sleep some other times... */ << 185 else if ((random() % 200) == 0) << 186 { << 187 struct sos_time t = (struct sos_time << 188 sos_bochs_printf("[37msleep1(%c)[m << 189 sos_x86_videomem_putchar(thr_arg->ro << 190 SOS_ASSERT_FATAL(SOS_OK == sos_threa << 191 SOS_ASSERT_FATAL(sos_time_is_zero(& << 192 sos_x86_videomem_putchar(thr_arg->ro << 193 } << 194 << 195 /* Go to sleep for a longer time some ot << 196 else if ((random() % 300) == 0) << 197 { << 198 struct sos_time t = (struct sos_time << 199 sos_bochs_printf("[37msleep2(%c)[m << 200 sos_x86_videomem_putchar(thr_arg->ro << 201 SOS_ASSERT_FATAL(SOS_OK == sos_threa << 202 SOS_ASSERT_FATAL(sos_time_is_zero(& << 203 sos_x86_videomem_putchar(thr_arg->ro << 204 } << 205 << 206 /* Infinite loop otherwise */ << 207 } << 208 } 074 } 209 075 210 !! 076 /* The C entry point of our operating system */ 211 static void test_thread() << 212 { << 213 /* "static" variables because we want them t << 214 function returns */ << 215 static struct thr_arg arg_b, arg_c, arg_d, a << 216 sos_ui32_t flags; << 217 << 218 sos_disable_IRQs(flags); << 219 << 220 arg_b = (struct thr_arg) { .character='b', . << 221 sos_create_kernel_thread("YO[b]", demo_threa << 222 << 223 arg_c = (struct thr_arg) { .character='c', . << 224 sos_create_kernel_thread("YO[c]", demo_threa << 225 << 226 arg_d = (struct thr_arg) { .character='d', . << 227 sos_create_kernel_thread("YO[d]", demo_threa << 228 << 229 arg_e = (struct thr_arg) { .character='e', . << 230 sos_create_kernel_thread("YO[e]", demo_threa << 231 << 232 arg_R = (struct thr_arg) { .character='R', . << 233 sos_create_kernel_thread("YO[R]", demo_threa << 234 << 235 arg_S = (struct thr_arg) { .character='S', . << 236 sos_create_kernel_thread("YO[S]", demo_threa << 237 << 238 sos_restore_IRQs(flags); << 239 } << 240 << 241 << 242 /* =========================================== << 243 * An operating system MUST always have a read << 244 * what would the CPU have to execute ?! << 245 */ << 246 static void idle_thread() << 247 { << 248 sos_ui32_t idle_twiddle = 0; << 249 << 250 while (1) << 251 { << 252 /* Remove this instruction if you get an << 253 exception (old 80386 CPU) */ << 254 asm("hlt\n"); << 255 << 256 idle_twiddle ++; << 257 display_bits(0, 0, SOS_X86_VIDEO_FG_GREE << 258 idle_twiddle); << 259 << 260 /* Lend the CPU to some other thread */ << 261 sos_thread_yield(); << 262 } << 263 } << 264 << 265 << 266 /* =========================================== << 267 * Kernel thread showing some CPU usage statis << 268 */ << 269 static void stat_thread() << 270 { << 271 while (1) << 272 { << 273 sos_ui32_t flags; << 274 sos_ui32_t load1, load5, load15; << 275 char str1[11], str5[11], str15[11]; << 276 struct sos_time t; << 277 t.sec = 1; << 278 t.nanosec = 0; << 279 << 280 sos_thread_sleep(& t); << 281 << 282 sos_disable_IRQs(flags); << 283 << 284 /* The IDLE task is EXcluded in the foll << 285 sos_load_get_sload(&load1, &load5, &load << 286 sos_load_to_string(str1, load1); << 287 sos_load_to_string(str5, load5); << 288 sos_load_to_string(str15, load15); << 289 sos_x86_videomem_printf(16, 34, << 290 SOS_X86_VIDEO_FG << 291 "Kernel (- Idle) << 292 str1, str5, str1 << 293 << 294 sos_load_get_uload(&load1, &load5, &load << 295 sos_load_to_string(str1, load1); << 296 sos_load_to_string(str5, load5); << 297 sos_load_to_string(str15, load15); << 298 sos_x86_videomem_printf(17, 34, << 299 SOS_X86_VIDEO_FG << 300 "User: %s %s %s << 301 str1, str5, str1 << 302 << 303 sos_load_get_uratio(&load1, &load5, &loa << 304 sos_load_to_string(str1, load1); << 305 sos_load_to_string(str5, load5); << 306 sos_load_to_string(str15, load15); << 307 sos_x86_videomem_printf(18, 34, << 308 SOS_X86_VIDEO_FG << 309 "User CPU %%: %s << 310 str1, str5, str1 << 311 << 312 /* The IDLE task is INcluded in the foll << 313 sos_load_get_sratio(&load1, &load5, &loa << 314 sos_load_to_string(str1, load1); << 315 sos_load_to_string(str5, load5); << 316 sos_load_to_string(str15, load15); << 317 sos_x86_videomem_printf(19, 34, << 318 SOS_X86_VIDEO_FG << 319 "Kernel CPU %% ( << 320 str1, str5, str1 << 321 sos_restore_IRQs(flags); << 322 } << 323 } << 324 << 325 << 326 /* =========================================== << 327 * The C entry point of our operating system << 328 */ << 329 void sos_main(unsigned long magic, unsigned lo 077 void sos_main(unsigned long magic, unsigned long addr) 330 { 078 { 331 unsigned i; 079 unsigned i; 332 sos_paddr_t sos_kernel_core_base_paddr, sos_ << 333 struct sos_time tick_resolution; << 334 080 335 /* Grub sends us a structure, called multibo 081 /* Grub sends us a structure, called multiboot_info_t with a lot of 336 precious informations about the system, s 082 precious informations about the system, see the multiboot 337 documentation for more information. */ 083 documentation for more information. */ 338 multiboot_info_t *mbi; 084 multiboot_info_t *mbi; 339 mbi = (multiboot_info_t *) addr; 085 mbi = (multiboot_info_t *) addr; 340 086 341 /* Setup bochs and console, and clear the co 087 /* Setup bochs and console, and clear the console */ 342 sos_bochs_setup(); 088 sos_bochs_setup(); 343 089 344 sos_x86_videomem_setup(); 090 sos_x86_videomem_setup(); 345 sos_x86_videomem_cls(SOS_X86_VIDEO_BG_BLUE); 091 sos_x86_videomem_cls(SOS_X86_VIDEO_BG_BLUE); 346 092 347 /* Greetings from SOS */ 093 /* Greetings from SOS */ 348 if (magic == MULTIBOOT_BOOTLOADER_MAGIC) 094 if (magic == MULTIBOOT_BOOTLOADER_MAGIC) 349 /* Loaded with Grub */ 095 /* Loaded with Grub */ 350 sos_x86_videomem_printf(1, 0, 096 sos_x86_videomem_printf(1, 0, 351 SOS_X86_VIDEO_FG_Y 097 SOS_X86_VIDEO_FG_YELLOW | SOS_X86_VIDEO_BG_BLUE, 352 "Welcome From GRUB 098 "Welcome From GRUB to %s%c RAM is %dMB (upper mem = 0x%x kB)", 353 "SOS article 7", ' !! 099 "SOS", ',', 354 (unsigned)(mbi->me 100 (unsigned)(mbi->mem_upper >> 10) + 1, 355 (unsigned)mbi->mem 101 (unsigned)mbi->mem_upper); 356 else 102 else 357 /* Not loaded with grub */ 103 /* Not loaded with grub */ 358 sos_x86_videomem_printf(1, 0, 104 sos_x86_videomem_printf(1, 0, 359 SOS_X86_VIDEO_FG_Y 105 SOS_X86_VIDEO_FG_YELLOW | SOS_X86_VIDEO_BG_BLUE, 360 "Welcome to SOS ar !! 106 "Welcome to SOS"); 361 107 362 sos_bochs_putstring("Message in a bochs: Thi !! 108 sos_bochs_putstring("Message in a bochs\n"); 363 109 364 /* Setup CPU segmentation and IRQ subsystem 110 /* Setup CPU segmentation and IRQ subsystem */ 365 sos_gdt_subsystem_setup(); !! 111 sos_gdt_setup(); 366 sos_idt_subsystem_setup(); !! 112 sos_idt_setup(); 367 113 368 /* Setup SOS IRQs and exceptions subsystem * 114 /* Setup SOS IRQs and exceptions subsystem */ 369 sos_exception_subsystem_setup(); !! 115 sos_exceptions_setup(); 370 sos_irq_subsystem_setup(); !! 116 sos_irq_setup(); 371 117 372 /* Configure the timer so as to raise the IR 118 /* Configure the timer so as to raise the IRQ0 at a 100Hz rate */ 373 sos_i8254_set_frequency(100); 119 sos_i8254_set_frequency(100); 374 120 375 /* Setup the kernel time subsystem to get pr << 376 ticks into account */ << 377 tick_resolution = (struct sos_time) { .sec=0 << 378 sos_time_subsysem_setup(& tick_resolution); << 379 << 380 /* We need a multiboot-compliant boot loader << 381 if (magic != MULTIBOOT_BOOTLOADER_MAGIC) << 382 { << 383 sos_x86_videomem_putstring(20, 0, << 384 SOS_X86_VIDEO << 385 | SOS_X86_V << 386 | SOS_X86_V << 387 "I'm not load << 388 /* STOP ! */ << 389 for (;;) << 390 continue; << 391 } << 392 << 393 /* << 394 * Some interrupt handlers << 395 */ << 396 << 397 /* Binding some HW interrupts and exceptions 121 /* Binding some HW interrupts and exceptions to software routines */ 398 sos_irq_set_routine(SOS_IRQ_TIMER, 122 sos_irq_set_routine(SOS_IRQ_TIMER, 399 clk_it); !! 123 clk_it); 400 !! 124 sos_exception_set_routine(SOS_EXCEPT_DIVIDE_ERROR, 401 /* !! 125 divide_ex); 402 * Setup physical memory management << 403 */ << 404 << 405 /* Multiboot says: "The value returned for u << 406 the address of the first upper memory hol << 407 also adds: "It is not guaranteed to be th << 408 sos_physmem_subsystem_setup((mbi->mem_upper< << 409 & sos_kernel_cor << 410 & sos_kernel_cor << 411 << 412 /* << 413 * Switch to paged-memory mode << 414 */ << 415 << 416 /* Disabling interrupts should seem more cor << 417 necessary at this stage */ << 418 SOS_ASSERT_FATAL(SOS_OK == << 419 sos_paging_subsystem_setup( << 420 << 421 << 422 /* Bind the page fault exception */ << 423 sos_exception_set_routine(SOS_EXCEPT_PAGE_FA << 424 pgflt_ex); << 425 << 426 /* << 427 * Setup kernel virtual memory allocator << 428 */ << 429 << 430 if (sos_kmem_vmm_subsystem_setup(sos_kernel_ << 431 sos_kernel_ << 432 bootstrap_s << 433 bootstrap_s << 434 + bootstrap << 435 sos_bochs_printf("Could not setup the Kern << 436 << 437 if (sos_kmalloc_subsystem_setup()) << 438 sos_bochs_printf("Could not setup the Kmal << 439 << 440 /* << 441 * Initialize the MMU context subsystem << 442 */ << 443 sos_mm_context_subsystem_setup(); << 444 << 445 /* << 446 * Initialize the CPU context subsystem << 447 */ << 448 sos_cpu_context_subsystem_setup(); << 449 << 450 /* << 451 * Bind the syscall handler to its software << 452 */ << 453 sos_swintr_subsystem_setup(); << 454 << 455 << 456 /* << 457 * Initialize the Kernel thread and schedule << 458 */ << 459 << 460 /* Initialize kernel thread subsystem */ << 461 sos_thread_subsystem_setup(bootstrap_stack_b << 462 bootstrap_stack_s << 463 << 464 /* Initialize the scheduler */ << 465 sos_sched_subsystem_setup(); << 466 << 467 /* Declare the IDLE thread */ << 468 SOS_ASSERT_FATAL(sos_create_kernel_thread("i << 469 SO << 470 << 471 /* Prepare the stats subsystem */ << 472 sos_load_subsystem_setup(); << 473 << 474 /* Declare a thread that prints some stats * << 475 SOS_ASSERT_FATAL(sos_create_kernel_thread("s << 476 NU << 477 SO << 478 << 479 << 480 /* << 481 * Initialize process stuff << 482 */ << 483 sos_process_subsystem_setup(); << 484 << 485 << 486 /* Enabling the HW interrupts here, this wil 126 /* Enabling the HW interrupts here, this will make the timer HW 487 interrupt call the scheduler */ !! 127 interrupt call our clk_it handler */ 488 asm volatile ("sti\n"); 128 asm volatile ("sti\n"); 489 129 490 /* Run some tests involving USER processes a !! 130 /* Raise a rafale of 'division by 0' exceptions. All this code is 491 extern void test_art7(); !! 131 not really needed (equivalent to a bare "i=1/0;"), except when 492 test_art7(); !! 132 compiling with -O3: "i=1/0;" is considered dead code with gcc 493 !! 133 -O3. */ 494 /* Now run some Kernel threads just for fun !! 134 i = 10; 495 extern void MouseSim(); !! 135 while (1) 496 MouseSim(); !! 136 { 497 test_thread(); !! 137 /* Stupid function call to fool gcc optimizations */ 498 !! 138 sos_bochs_printf("i = 1 / %d...\n", i); 499 /* !! 139 i = 1 / i; 500 * We can safely exit from this function now !! 140 } 501 * an idle Kernel thread ready to make the C !! 141 502 * !! 142 /* Will never print this since the "divide by zero" exception always 503 * However, we must EXPLICITELY call sos_thr !! 143 returns to the faulting instruction (see Intel x86 doc vol 3, 504 * simple "return" will return nowhere ! Act !! 144 section 5.12), thus re-evaluating the "divide-by-zero" exprssion 505 * was initialized by the Grub bootstrap sta !! 145 and raising the "divide by zero" exception again and again... */ 506 * word "thread" did not exist. This means t !! 146 sos_x86_videomem_putstring(2, 0, 507 * setup in order for a return here to call !! 147 SOS_X86_VIDEO_FG_LTRED | SOS_X86_VIDEO_BG_BLUE, 508 * automagically. Hence we must call it manu !! 148 "Invisible"); 509 * kernel thread where we must do this manua !! 149 510 */ !! 150 return; 511 sos_bochs_printf("Bye from primary thread !\ << 512 sos_thread_exit(); << 513 SOS_FATAL_ERROR("No trespassing !"); << 514 } 151 }
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