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Differences between /sos/main.c (Article 1) and /sos/main.c (Article 9)


001 /* Copyright (C) 2004  The SOS Team               001 /* Copyright (C) 2004  The SOS Team
002    Copyright (C) 1999  Free Software Foundatio << 
003                                                   002 
004    This program is free software; you can redi    003    This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
005    modify it under the terms of the GNU Genera    004    modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
006    as published by the Free Software Foundatio    005    as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
007    of the License, or (at your option) any lat    006    of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
008                                                   007    
009    This program is distributed in the hope tha    008    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
010    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the     009    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
011    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR    010    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
012    GNU General Public License for more details    011    GNU General Public License for more details.
013                                                   012    
014    You should have received a copy of the GNU     013    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
015    along with this program; if not, write to t    014    along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
016    Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 3    015    Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307,
017    USA.                                           016    USA. 
018 */                                                017 */
019                                                   018 
                                                   >> 019 #include <sos/errno.h>
                                                   >> 020 
020 /* Include definitions of the multiboot standa    021 /* Include definitions of the multiboot standard */
021 #include <bootstrap/multiboot.h>                  022 #include <bootstrap/multiboot.h>
                                                   >> 023 #include <hwcore/idt.h>
                                                   >> 024 #include <hwcore/gdt.h>
                                                   >> 025 #include <hwcore/irq.h>
                                                   >> 026 #include <hwcore/exception.h>
                                                   >> 027 #include <hwcore/i8254.h>
                                                   >> 028 #include <sos/list.h>
                                                   >> 029 #include <sos/physmem.h>
                                                   >> 030 #include <hwcore/paging.h>
                                                   >> 031 #include <hwcore/mm_context.h>
                                                   >> 032 #include <hwcore/swintr.h>
                                                   >> 033 #include <sos/kmem_vmm.h>
                                                   >> 034 #include <sos/kmalloc.h>
                                                   >> 035 #include <sos/time.h>
                                                   >> 036 #include <sos/thread.h>
                                                   >> 037 #include <sos/process.h>
                                                   >> 038 #include <sos/umem_vmm.h>
022 #include <sos/klibc.h>                            039 #include <sos/klibc.h>
023 #include <sos/assert.h>                           040 #include <sos/assert.h>
024 #include <drivers/x86_videomem.h>                 041 #include <drivers/x86_videomem.h>
025 #include <drivers/bochs.h>                        042 #include <drivers/bochs.h>
                                                   >> 043 #include <sos/calcload.h>
                                                   >> 044 #include <sos/umem_vmm.h>
                                                   >> 045 #include <sos/binfmt_elf32.h>
                                                   >> 046 #include <drivers/zero.h>
                                                   >> 047 #include <sos/fs.h>
                                                   >> 048 #include <drivers/fs_virtfs.h>
                                                   >> 049 #include <drivers/devices.h>
                                                   >> 050 #include <drivers/mem.h>
                                                   >> 051 #include <drivers/tty.h>
                                                   >> 052 #include <drivers/console.h>
                                                   >> 053 #include <drivers/serial.h>
                                                   >> 054 
                                                   >> 055 /* Helper function to display each bits of a 32bits integer on the
                                                   >> 056    screen as dark or light carrets */
                                                   >> 057 void display_bits(unsigned char row, unsigned char col,
                                                   >> 058                   unsigned char attribute,
                                                   >> 059                   sos_ui32_t integer)
                                                   >> 060 {
                                                   >> 061   int i;
                                                   >> 062   /* Scan each bit of the integer, MSb first */
                                                   >> 063   for (i = 31 ; i >= 0 ; i--)
                                                   >> 064     {
                                                   >> 065       /* Test if bit i of 'integer' is set */
                                                   >> 066       int bit_i = (integer & (1 << i));
                                                   >> 067       /* Ascii 219 => dark carret, Ascii 177 => light carret */
                                                   >> 068       unsigned char ascii_code = bit_i?219:177;
                                                   >> 069       sos_x86_videomem_putchar(row, col++,
                                                   >> 070                                attribute,
                                                   >> 071                                ascii_code);
                                                   >> 072     }
                                                   >> 073 }
                                                   >> 074 
                                                   >> 075 /* Clock IRQ handler */
                                                   >> 076 static void clk_it(int intid)
                                                   >> 077 {
                                                   >> 078   static sos_ui32_t clock_count = 0;
                                                   >> 079 
                                                   >> 080   display_bits(0, 48,
                                                   >> 081                SOS_X86_VIDEO_FG_LTGREEN | SOS_X86_VIDEO_BG_BLUE,
                                                   >> 082                clock_count);
                                                   >> 083   clock_count++;
026                                                   084 
                                                   >> 085   /* Execute the expired timeout actions (if any) */
                                                   >> 086   sos_time_do_tick();
027                                                   087 
                                                   >> 088   /* Update scheduler statistics and status */
                                                   >> 089   sos_sched_do_timer_tick();
                                                   >> 090 }
028                                                   091 
029 /* The C entry point of our operating system * !! 092 
030 void sos_main(unsigned long magic, unsigned lo !! 093 /* ======================================================================
                                                   >> 094  * Page fault exception handling
                                                   >> 095  */
                                                   >> 096 
                                                   >> 097 
                                                   >> 098 /* Page fault exception handler with demand paging for the kernel */
                                                   >> 099 static void pgflt_ex(int intid, struct sos_cpu_state *ctxt)
                                                   >> 100 {
                                                   >> 101   static sos_ui32_t demand_paging_count = 0;
                                                   >> 102   struct sos_thread * cur_thr = sos_thread_get_current();
                                                   >> 103   sos_vaddr_t faulting_vaddr  = sos_cpu_context_get_EX_faulting_vaddr(ctxt);
                                                   >> 104   sos_paddr_t ppage_paddr;
                                                   >> 105 
                                                   >> 106   if (sos_cpu_context_is_in_user_mode(ctxt)
                                                   >> 107       || (cur_thr->fixup_uaccess.return_vaddr))
                                                   >> 108     {
                                                   >> 109       __label__ unforce_address_space;
                                                   >> 110       sos_bool_t need_to_setup_mmu;
                                                   >> 111       sos_ui32_t errcode = sos_cpu_context_get_EX_info(ctxt);
                                                   >> 112 
                                                   >> 113       /* Make sure to always stay in the interrupted thread's MMU
                                                   >> 114          configuration */
                                                   >> 115       need_to_setup_mmu = (cur_thr->squatted_mm_context
                                                   >> 116                            != sos_process_get_mm_context(cur_thr->process));
                                                   >> 117       if (need_to_setup_mmu)
                                                   >> 118         sos_thread_prepare_user_space_access(NULL, 0);
                                                   >> 119 
                                                   >> 120       if (SOS_OK ==
                                                   >> 121           sos_umem_vmm_try_resolve_page_fault(faulting_vaddr,
                                                   >> 122                                               errcode & (1 << 1),
                                                   >> 123                                               TRUE))
                                                   >> 124         goto unforce_address_space;
                                                   >> 125 
                                                   >> 126       /* If the page fault occured in kernel mode, return to kernel to
                                                   >> 127          the fixup address */
                                                   >> 128       if (! sos_cpu_context_is_in_user_mode(ctxt))
                                                   >> 129         {
                                                   >> 130           cur_thr->fixup_uaccess.faulted_uaddr = faulting_vaddr;
                                                   >> 131           sos_cpu_context_set_EX_return_address(ctxt,
                                                   >> 132                                                 cur_thr->fixup_uaccess.return_vaddr);
                                                   >> 133           goto unforce_address_space;
                                                   >> 134         }
                                                   >> 135 
                                                   >> 136       if (need_to_setup_mmu)
                                                   >> 137         sos_thread_end_user_space_access();
                                                   >> 138 
                                                   >> 139       sos_bochs_printf("Unresolved USER page Fault at instruction 0x%x on access to address 0x%x (info=%x)!\n",
                                                   >> 140                        sos_cpu_context_get_PC(ctxt),
                                                   >> 141                        (unsigned)faulting_vaddr,
                                                   >> 142                        (unsigned)sos_cpu_context_get_EX_info(ctxt));
                                                   >> 143       sos_bochs_printf("Terminating User thread\n");
                                                   >> 144       sos_thread_exit();
                                                   >> 145 
                                                   >> 146     unforce_address_space:
                                                   >> 147       if (need_to_setup_mmu)
                                                   >> 148         sos_thread_end_user_space_access();
                                                   >> 149       return;
                                                   >> 150     }
                                                   >> 151 
                                                   >> 152   /* Check if address is covered by any VMM range */
                                                   >> 153   if (! sos_kmem_vmm_is_valid_vaddr(faulting_vaddr))
                                                   >> 154     {
                                                   >> 155       /* No: The page fault is out of any kernel virtual region. For
                                                   >> 156          the moment, we don't handle this. */
                                                   >> 157       sos_display_fatal_error("Unresolved page Fault at instruction 0x%x on access to address 0x%x (info=%x)!",
                                                   >> 158                               sos_cpu_context_get_PC(ctxt),
                                                   >> 159                               (unsigned)faulting_vaddr,
                                                   >> 160                               (unsigned)sos_cpu_context_get_EX_info(ctxt));
                                                   >> 161       SOS_ASSERT_FATAL(! "Got page fault (note: demand paging is disabled)");
                                                   >> 162     }
                                                   >> 163 
                                                   >> 164 
                                                   >> 165   /*
                                                   >> 166    * Demand paging in kernel space
                                                   >> 167    */
                                                   >> 168  
                                                   >> 169   /* Update the number of demand paging requests handled */
                                                   >> 170   demand_paging_count ++;
                                                   >> 171   display_bits(0, 0,
                                                   >> 172                SOS_X86_VIDEO_FG_LTRED | SOS_X86_VIDEO_BG_BLUE,
                                                   >> 173                demand_paging_count);
                                                   >> 174 
                                                   >> 175   /* Allocate a new page for the virtual address */
                                                   >> 176   ppage_paddr = sos_physmem_ref_physpage_new(FALSE);
                                                   >> 177   if (! ppage_paddr)
                                                   >> 178     SOS_ASSERT_FATAL(! "TODO: implement swap. (Out of mem in demand paging because no swap for kernel yet !)");
                                                   >> 179   SOS_ASSERT_FATAL(SOS_OK == sos_paging_map(ppage_paddr,
                                                   >> 180                                             SOS_PAGE_ALIGN_INF(faulting_vaddr),
                                                   >> 181                                             FALSE,
                                                   >> 182                                             SOS_VM_MAP_PROT_READ
                                                   >> 183                                             | SOS_VM_MAP_PROT_WRITE
                                                   >> 184                                             | SOS_VM_MAP_ATOMIC));
                                                   >> 185   sos_physmem_unref_physpage(ppage_paddr);
                                                   >> 186 
                                                   >> 187   /* Ok, we can now return to interrupted context */
                                                   >> 188 }
                                                   >> 189 
                                                   >> 190 
                                                   >> 191 
                                                   >> 192 /* ======================================================================
                                                   >> 193  * An operating system MUST always have a ready thread ! Otherwise:
                                                   >> 194  * what would the CPU have to execute ?!
                                                   >> 195  */
                                                   >> 196 static void idle_thread()
                                                   >> 197 {
                                                   >> 198   sos_ui32_t idle_twiddle = 0;
                                                   >> 199 
                                                   >> 200   while (1)
                                                   >> 201     {
                                                   >> 202       /* Remove this instruction if you get an "Invalid opcode" CPU
                                                   >> 203          exception (old 80386 CPU) */
                                                   >> 204       asm("hlt\n");
                                                   >> 205 
                                                   >> 206       idle_twiddle ++;
                                                   >> 207       display_bits(0, 0, SOS_X86_VIDEO_FG_GREEN | SOS_X86_VIDEO_BG_BLUE,
                                                   >> 208                    idle_twiddle);
                                                   >> 209       
                                                   >> 210       /* Lend the CPU to some other thread */
                                                   >> 211       sos_thread_yield();
                                                   >> 212     }
                                                   >> 213 }
                                                   >> 214 
                                                   >> 215 
                                                   >> 216 /* ======================================================================
                                                   >> 217  * Kernel thread showing some CPU usage statistics on the console every 1s
                                                   >> 218  */
                                                   >> 219 #define LOAD_DISPLAY_BASELINE  4
                                                   >> 220 #define LOAD_DISPLAY_STARTROW 34
                                                   >> 221 static void stat_thread()
                                                   >> 222 {
                                                   >> 223   while (1)
                                                   >> 224     {
                                                   >> 225       sos_ui32_t flags;
                                                   >> 226       sos_ui32_t load1, load5, load15;
                                                   >> 227       char str1[11], str5[11], str15[11];
                                                   >> 228       struct sos_time t;
                                                   >> 229       t.sec = 1;
                                                   >> 230       t.nanosec = 0;
                                                   >> 231 
                                                   >> 232       sos_thread_sleep(& t);
                                                   >> 233 
                                                   >> 234       sos_disable_IRQs(flags);
                                                   >> 235 
                                                   >> 236       /* The IDLE task is EXcluded in the following computation */
                                                   >> 237       sos_load_get_sload(&load1, &load5, &load15);
                                                   >> 238       sos_load_to_string(str1, load1);
                                                   >> 239       sos_load_to_string(str5, load5);
                                                   >> 240       sos_load_to_string(str15, load15);
                                                   >> 241       sos_x86_videomem_printf(LOAD_DISPLAY_BASELINE+0, LOAD_DISPLAY_STARTROW,
                                                   >> 242                               SOS_X86_VIDEO_FG_YELLOW | SOS_X86_VIDEO_BG_BLUE,
                                                   >> 243                               "Kernel (- Idle): %s %s %s    ",
                                                   >> 244                               str1, str5, str15);
                                                   >> 245 
                                                   >> 246       sos_load_get_uload(&load1, &load5, &load15);
                                                   >> 247       sos_load_to_string(str1, load1);
                                                   >> 248       sos_load_to_string(str5, load5);
                                                   >> 249       sos_load_to_string(str15, load15);
                                                   >> 250       sos_x86_videomem_printf(LOAD_DISPLAY_BASELINE+1, LOAD_DISPLAY_STARTROW,
                                                   >> 251                               SOS_X86_VIDEO_FG_YELLOW | SOS_X86_VIDEO_BG_BLUE,
                                                   >> 252                               "User: %s %s %s        ",
                                                   >> 253                               str1, str5, str15);
                                                   >> 254 
                                                   >> 255       sos_load_get_uratio(&load1, &load5, &load15);
                                                   >> 256       sos_load_to_string(str1, load1);
                                                   >> 257       sos_load_to_string(str5, load5);
                                                   >> 258       sos_load_to_string(str15, load15);
                                                   >> 259       sos_x86_videomem_printf(LOAD_DISPLAY_BASELINE+2, LOAD_DISPLAY_STARTROW,
                                                   >> 260                               SOS_X86_VIDEO_FG_YELLOW | SOS_X86_VIDEO_BG_BLUE,
                                                   >> 261                               "User CPU %%: %s %s %s        ",
                                                   >> 262                               str1, str5, str15);
                                                   >> 263 
                                                   >> 264       /* The IDLE task is INcluded in the following computation */
                                                   >> 265       sos_load_get_sratio(&load1, &load5, &load15);
                                                   >> 266       sos_load_to_string(str1, load1);
                                                   >> 267       sos_load_to_string(str5, load5);
                                                   >> 268       sos_load_to_string(str15, load15);
                                                   >> 269       sos_x86_videomem_printf(LOAD_DISPLAY_BASELINE+3, LOAD_DISPLAY_STARTROW,
                                                   >> 270                               SOS_X86_VIDEO_FG_YELLOW | SOS_X86_VIDEO_BG_BLUE,
                                                   >> 271                               "Kernel CPU %% (+ Idle): %s %s %s    ",
                                                   >> 272                               str1, str5, str15);
                                                   >> 273       sos_restore_IRQs(flags);
                                                   >> 274     }
                                                   >> 275 }
                                                   >> 276 
                                                   >> 277 
                                                   >> 278 /* ======================================================================
                                                   >> 279  * Start the "init" (userland) process
                                                   >> 280  */
                                                   >> 281 static sos_ret_t
                                                   >> 282 start_init(struct sos_fs_manager_instance * rootfs)
                                                   >> 283 {
                                                   >> 284   sos_ret_t retval;
                                                   >> 285   struct sos_umem_vmm_as *as_init;
                                                   >> 286   struct sos_process *proc_init;
                                                   >> 287   struct sos_thread *new_thr;
                                                   >> 288   sos_uaddr_t ustack, start_uaddr;
                                                   >> 289   struct sos_fs_opened_file * init_root, * init_cwd, * unused_of;
                                                   >> 290 
                                                   >> 291   /* Create the new process */
                                                   >> 292   proc_init = sos_process_create("init", FALSE);
                                                   >> 293   if (! proc_init)
                                                   >> 294     return -SOS_ENOMEM;
                                                   >> 295   as_init = sos_process_get_address_space(proc_init);
                                                   >> 296 
                                                   >> 297 
                                                   >> 298   /*
                                                   >> 299    * Setup the root and CWD directories of the process. The root of
                                                   >> 300    * this process will correspond to the "global" root of the whole
                                                   >> 301    * system since all the future processes will duplicate it !
                                                   >> 302    */
                                                   >> 303   retval = sos_fs_new_opened_file(proc_init, rootfs->root,
                                                   >> 304                                   SOS_FS_OPEN_READ | SOS_FS_OPEN_WRITE,
                                                   >> 305                                   & init_root);
                                                   >> 306   if (SOS_OK != retval)
                                                   >> 307     {
                                                   >> 308       sos_process_unref(proc_init);
                                                   >> 309       return -SOS_ENOENT;
                                                   >> 310     }
                                                   >> 311 
                                                   >> 312   /* Duplicate the root file to set the current working directory of
                                                   >> 313      the init process */
                                                   >> 314   retval = sos_fs_duplicate_opened_file(init_root, proc_init,
                                                   >> 315                                         & init_cwd);
                                                   >> 316   if (SOS_OK != retval)
                                                   >> 317     {
                                                   >> 318       sos_fs_close(init_root);
                                                   >> 319       sos_process_unref(proc_init);
                                                   >> 320       return -SOS_ENOENT;
                                                   >> 321     }
                                                   >> 322 
                                                   >> 323   /* Now update the process ! */
                                                   >> 324   if ( ( SOS_OK != sos_process_chroot(proc_init, init_root, & unused_of) )
                                                   >> 325        || ( SOS_OK != sos_process_chdir(proc_init, init_cwd, & unused_of) ) )
                                                   >> 326     {
                                                   >> 327       sos_fs_close(init_root);
                                                   >> 328       sos_fs_close(init_cwd);
                                                   >> 329       sos_process_chroot(proc_init, NULL, & unused_of);
                                                   >> 330       sos_process_chdir(proc_init, NULL, & unused_of);
                                                   >> 331       sos_process_unref(proc_init);
                                                   >> 332       return -SOS_ENOENT;
                                                   >> 333     }
                                                   >> 334 
                                                   >> 335 
                                                   >> 336 
                                                   >> 337   /* Map the 'init' program in user space */
                                                   >> 338   start_uaddr = sos_binfmt_elf32_map(as_init, "init");
                                                   >> 339   if (0 == start_uaddr)
                                                   >> 340     {
                                                   >> 341       sos_process_unref(proc_init);
                                                   >> 342       return -SOS_ENOENT;
                                                   >> 343     }
                                                   >> 344 
                                                   >> 345   /* Allocate the user stack */
                                                   >> 346   ustack = (SOS_PAGING_TOP_USER_ADDRESS - SOS_DEFAULT_USER_STACK_SIZE) + 1;
                                                   >> 347   retval = sos_dev_zero_map(as_init, &ustack, SOS_DEFAULT_USER_STACK_SIZE,
                                                   >> 348                             SOS_VM_MAP_PROT_READ | SOS_VM_MAP_PROT_WRITE,
                                                   >> 349                             /* PRIVATE */ 0);
                                                   >> 350   if (SOS_OK != retval)
                                                   >> 351     {
                                                   >> 352       sos_process_unref(proc_init);
                                                   >> 353       return -SOS_ENOMEM;
                                                   >> 354     }
                                                   >> 355 
                                                   >> 356   /* Now create the user thread */
                                                   >> 357   new_thr = sos_create_user_thread(NULL,
                                                   >> 358                                    proc_init,
                                                   >> 359                                    start_uaddr,
                                                   >> 360                                    0, 0,
                                                   >> 361                                    ustack + SOS_DEFAULT_USER_STACK_SIZE - 4,
                                                   >> 362                                    SOS_SCHED_PRIO_TS_LOWEST);
                                                   >> 363   if (! new_thr)
                                                   >> 364     {
                                                   >> 365       sos_process_unref(proc_init);
                                                   >> 366       return -SOS_ENOMEM;
                                                   >> 367     }
                                                   >> 368 
                                                   >> 369   sos_process_unref(proc_init);
                                                   >> 370   return SOS_OK;
                                                   >> 371 }
                                                   >> 372 
                                                   >> 373 
                                                   >> 374 /* ======================================================================
                                                   >> 375  * The C entry point of our operating system
                                                   >> 376  */
                                                   >> 377 void sos_main(unsigned long magic, unsigned long arg)
031 {                                                 378 {
032   unsigned i;                                     379   unsigned i;
                                                   >> 380   sos_paddr_t sos_kernel_core_base_paddr, sos_kernel_core_top_paddr;
                                                   >> 381   struct sos_time tick_resolution;
                                                   >> 382   struct sos_fs_manager_instance * rootfs;
033                                                   383 
034   /* Grub sends us a structure, called multibo !! 384   /* Size of RAM above 1MB. Might be undefined ! */
035      precious informations about the system, s !! 385   unsigned long int upper_mem = 0;
036      documentation for more information. */    << 
037   multiboot_info_t *mbi;                       << 
038   mbi = (multiboot_info_t *) addr;             << 
039                                                   386 
040   /* Setup bochs and console, and clear the co    387   /* Setup bochs and console, and clear the console */
041   sos_bochs_setup();                           !! 388   sos_bochs_subsystem_setup();
042                                                   389 
043   sos_x86_videomem_setup();                       390   sos_x86_videomem_setup();
044   sos_x86_videomem_cls(SOS_X86_VIDEO_BG_BLUE);    391   sos_x86_videomem_cls(SOS_X86_VIDEO_BG_BLUE);
045                                                   392 
046   /* Greetings from SOS */                        393   /* Greetings from SOS */
047   if (magic == MULTIBOOT_BOOTLOADER_MAGIC)        394   if (magic == MULTIBOOT_BOOTLOADER_MAGIC)
048     /* Loaded with Grub */                     !! 395     {
049     sos_x86_videomem_printf(1, 0,              !! 396       /* Grub sends us a structure, called multiboot_info_t with a lot of
050                             SOS_X86_VIDEO_FG_Y !! 397          precious informations about the system, see the multiboot
051                             "Welcome From GRUB !! 398          documentation for more information. */
052                             "SOS", ',',        !! 399       multiboot_info_t *mbi = (multiboot_info_t *) arg;
053                             (unsigned)(mbi->me !! 400 
054                             (unsigned)mbi->mem !! 401       /* Multiboot says: "The value returned for upper memory is
                                                   >> 402          maximally the address of the first upper memory hole minus 1
                                                   >> 403          megabyte.". It also adds: "It is not guaranteed to be this
                                                   >> 404          value." aka "YMMV" ;) */
                                                   >> 405       upper_mem = mbi->mem_upper;
                                                   >> 406       sos_x86_videomem_printf(1, 0,
                                                   >> 407                               SOS_X86_VIDEO_FG_YELLOW | SOS_X86_VIDEO_BG_BLUE,
                                                   >> 408                               "Welcome From GRUB to %s%c RAM is %dMB (upper mem = 0x%x kB)",
                                                   >> 409                               "SOS article 9", ',',
                                                   >> 410                               (unsigned)(upper_mem >> 10) + 1,
                                                   >> 411                               (unsigned)upper_mem);
                                                   >> 412     }
                                                   >> 413   else if (magic == 0x42244224)
                                                   >> 414     {
                                                   >> 415       /* Loaded with SOS bootsect */
                                                   >> 416       upper_mem = arg;
                                                   >> 417       sos_x86_videomem_printf(1, 0,
                                                   >> 418                               SOS_X86_VIDEO_FG_YELLOW | SOS_X86_VIDEO_BG_BLUE,
                                                   >> 419                               "Welcome to %s%c RAM is %dMB (upper mem = 0x%x kB)",
                                                   >> 420                               "SOS article 9", ',',
                                                   >> 421                               (unsigned)(upper_mem >> 10) + 1,
                                                   >> 422                               (unsigned)upper_mem);
                                                   >> 423     }
055   else                                            424   else
056     /* Not loaded with grub */                 !! 425     /* Not loaded with grub, not from an enhanced bootsect */
057     sos_x86_videomem_printf(1, 0,                 426     sos_x86_videomem_printf(1, 0,
058                             SOS_X86_VIDEO_FG_Y    427                             SOS_X86_VIDEO_FG_YELLOW | SOS_X86_VIDEO_BG_BLUE,
059                             "Welcome to SOS"); !! 428                             "Welcome to SOS article 9");
060                                                << 
061   sos_bochs_putstring("Message in a bochs\n"); << 
062                                                << 
063                                                   429 
064   /* An operatig system never ends */          !! 430   sos_bochs_putstring("Message in a bochs: This is SOS article 9.\n");
065   for (;;)                                     << 
066     continue;                                  << 
067                                                   431 
068   return;                                      !! 432   /* Setup CPU segmentation and IRQ subsystem */
                                                   >> 433   sos_gdt_subsystem_setup();
                                                   >> 434   sos_idt_subsystem_setup();
                                                   >> 435 
                                                   >> 436   /* Setup SOS IRQs and exceptions subsystem */
                                                   >> 437   sos_exception_subsystem_setup();
                                                   >> 438   sos_irq_subsystem_setup();
                                                   >> 439 
                                                   >> 440   /* Configure the timer so as to raise the IRQ0 at a 100Hz rate */
                                                   >> 441   sos_i8254_set_frequency(100);
                                                   >> 442 
                                                   >> 443   /* Setup the kernel time subsystem to get prepared to take the timer
                                                   >> 444      ticks into account */
                                                   >> 445   tick_resolution = (struct sos_time) { .sec=0, .nanosec=10000000UL };
                                                   >> 446   sos_time_subsysem_setup(& tick_resolution);
                                                   >> 447 
                                                   >> 448   /* We need to know the RAM size */
                                                   >> 449   if (upper_mem == 0)
                                                   >> 450     {
                                                   >> 451       sos_x86_videomem_putstring(20, 0,
                                                   >> 452                                  SOS_X86_VIDEO_FG_LTRED
                                                   >> 453                                    | SOS_X86_VIDEO_BG_BLUE
                                                   >> 454                                    | SOS_X86_VIDEO_FG_BLINKING,
                                                   >> 455                                  "I don't know RAM size ! Load me with Grub...");
                                                   >> 456       /* STOP ! */
                                                   >> 457       for (;;)
                                                   >> 458         continue;
                                                   >> 459     }
                                                   >> 460 
                                                   >> 461   /*
                                                   >> 462    * Some interrupt handlers
                                                   >> 463    */
                                                   >> 464 
                                                   >> 465   /* Binding some HW interrupts and exceptions to software routines */
                                                   >> 466   sos_irq_set_routine(SOS_IRQ_TIMER,
                                                   >> 467                       clk_it);
                                                   >> 468 
                                                   >> 469   /*
                                                   >> 470    * Setup physical memory management
                                                   >> 471    */
                                                   >> 472 
                                                   >> 473   SOS_ASSERT_FATAL(SOS_OK
                                                   >> 474                    == sos_physmem_subsystem_setup((upper_mem<<10) + (1<<20),
                                                   >> 475                                                   &sos_kernel_core_base_paddr,
                                                   >> 476                                                   &sos_kernel_core_top_paddr));
                                                   >> 477   
                                                   >> 478   /*
                                                   >> 479    * Switch to paged-memory mode
                                                   >> 480    */
                                                   >> 481 
                                                   >> 482   /* Disabling interrupts should seem more correct, but it's not really
                                                   >> 483      necessary at this stage */
                                                   >> 484   SOS_ASSERT_FATAL(SOS_OK ==
                                                   >> 485                    sos_paging_subsystem_setup(sos_kernel_core_base_paddr,
                                                   >> 486                                               sos_kernel_core_top_paddr));
                                                   >> 487   
                                                   >> 488   /* Bind the page fault exception */
                                                   >> 489   sos_exception_set_routine(SOS_EXCEPT_PAGE_FAULT,
                                                   >> 490                             pgflt_ex);
                                                   >> 491 
                                                   >> 492   /*
                                                   >> 493    * Setup kernel virtual memory allocator
                                                   >> 494    */
                                                   >> 495 
                                                   >> 496   if (sos_kmem_vmm_subsystem_setup(sos_kernel_core_base_paddr,
                                                   >> 497                                    sos_kernel_core_top_paddr,
                                                   >> 498                                    bootstrap_stack_bottom,
                                                   >> 499                                    bootstrap_stack_bottom
                                                   >> 500                                    + bootstrap_stack_size))
                                                   >> 501     sos_bochs_printf("Could not setup the Kernel virtual space allocator\n");
                                                   >> 502 
                                                   >> 503   if (sos_kmalloc_subsystem_setup())
                                                   >> 504     sos_bochs_printf("Could not setup the Kmalloc subsystem\n");
                                                   >> 505 
                                                   >> 506   /*
                                                   >> 507    * Initialize the MMU context subsystem
                                                   >> 508    */
                                                   >> 509   sos_mm_context_subsystem_setup();
                                                   >> 510 
                                                   >> 511   /*
                                                   >> 512    * Initialize the CPU context subsystem
                                                   >> 513    */
                                                   >> 514   sos_cpu_context_subsystem_setup();
                                                   >> 515 
                                                   >> 516   /*
                                                   >> 517    * Bind the syscall handler to its software interrupt handler
                                                   >> 518    */
                                                   >> 519   sos_swintr_subsystem_setup();
                                                   >> 520 
                                                   >> 521 
                                                   >> 522   /*
                                                   >> 523    * Initialize the Kernel thread and scheduler subsystems
                                                   >> 524    */
                                                   >> 525   
                                                   >> 526   /* Initialize kernel thread subsystem */
                                                   >> 527   sos_thread_subsystem_setup(bootstrap_stack_bottom,
                                                   >> 528                              bootstrap_stack_size);
                                                   >> 529 
                                                   >> 530   /* Initialize the scheduler */
                                                   >> 531   sos_sched_subsystem_setup();
                                                   >> 532 
                                                   >> 533   /* Declare the IDLE thread */
                                                   >> 534   SOS_ASSERT_FATAL(sos_create_kernel_thread("idle", idle_thread, NULL,
                                                   >> 535                                             SOS_SCHED_PRIO_TS_LOWEST) != NULL);
                                                   >> 536 
                                                   >> 537   /* Prepare the stats subsystem */
                                                   >> 538   sos_load_subsystem_setup();
                                                   >> 539 
                                                   >> 540   /* Declare a thread that prints some stats */
                                                   >> 541   SOS_ASSERT_FATAL(sos_create_kernel_thread("stat_thread", stat_thread,
                                                   >> 542                                             NULL,
                                                   >> 543                                             SOS_SCHED_PRIO_TS_LOWEST) != NULL);
                                                   >> 544 
                                                   >> 545 
                                                   >> 546   /*
                                                   >> 547    * Initialise user address space management subsystem
                                                   >> 548    */
                                                   >> 549   sos_umem_vmm_subsystem_setup();
                                                   >> 550   sos_dev_zero_subsystem_setup();
                                                   >> 551   sos_dev_mem_chardev_setup();
                                                   >> 552 
                                                   >> 553   /*
                                                   >> 554    * Initialize process stuff
                                                   >> 555    */
                                                   >> 556   sos_process_subsystem_setup();
                                                   >> 557 
                                                   >> 558 
                                                   >> 559   /* Enabling the HW interrupts here, this will make the timer HW
                                                   >> 560      interrupt call the scheduler */
                                                   >> 561   asm volatile ("sti\n");
                                                   >> 562 
                                                   >> 563 
                                                   >> 564   SOS_ASSERT_FATAL(SOS_OK == sos_fs_virtfs_subsystem_setup());
                                                   >> 565   SOS_ASSERT_FATAL(SOS_OK == sos_fs_subsystem_setup(NULL,
                                                   >> 566                                                     "virtfs",
                                                   >> 567                                                     NULL,
                                                   >> 568                                                     & rootfs));
                                                   >> 569 
                                                   >> 570 
                                                   >> 571   tty_subsystem_setup();
                                                   >> 572   sos_ttyS0_subsystem_setup();
                                                   >> 573   sos_console_subsystem_setup();
                                                   >> 574 
                                                   >> 575 
                                                   >> 576 
                                                   >> 577 
                                                   >> 578   /* Start the 'init' process, which in turns launches the other
                                                   >> 579      programs */
                                                   >> 580   start_init(rootfs);
                                                   >> 581   /*
                                                   >> 582    * We can safely exit from this function now, for there is already
                                                   >> 583    * an idle Kernel thread ready to make the CPU busy working...
                                                   >> 584    *
                                                   >> 585    * However, we must EXPLICITELY call sos_thread_exit() because a
                                                   >> 586    * simple "return" will return nowhere ! Actually this first thread
                                                   >> 587    * was initialized by the Grub bootstrap stage, at a time when the
                                                   >> 588    * word "thread" did not exist. This means that the stack was not
                                                   >> 589    * setup in order for a return here to call sos_thread_exit()
                                                   >> 590    * automagically. Hence we must call it manually. This is the ONLY
                                                   >> 591    * kernel thread where we must do this manually.
                                                   >> 592    */
                                                   >> 593   sos_bochs_printf("Bye from primary thread !\n");
                                                   >> 594   sos_thread_exit();
                                                   >> 595   SOS_FATAL_ERROR("No trespassing !");
069 }                                                 596 }
                                                      

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