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001 /* Copyright (C) 2004 The SOS Team 001 /* Copyright (C) 2004 The SOS Team 002 Copyright (C) 1999 Free Software Foundatio << 003 002 004 This program is free software; you can redi 003 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or 005 modify it under the terms of the GNU Genera 004 modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License 006 as published by the Free Software Foundatio 005 as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 007 of the License, or (at your option) any lat 006 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. 008 007 009 This program is distributed in the hope tha 008 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, 010 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the 009 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of 011 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR 010 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the 012 GNU General Public License for more details 011 GNU General Public License for more details. 013 012 014 You should have received a copy of the GNU 013 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License 015 along with this program; if not, write to t 014 along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software 016 Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 3 015 Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, 017 USA. 016 USA. 018 */ 017 */ 019 018 020 /* Include definitions of the multiboot standa 019 /* Include definitions of the multiboot standard */ 021 #include <bootstrap/multiboot.h> 020 #include <bootstrap/multiboot.h> >> 021 #include <hwcore/idt.h> >> 022 #include <hwcore/gdt.h> >> 023 #include <hwcore/irq.h> >> 024 #include <hwcore/exception.h> >> 025 #include <hwcore/i8254.h> >> 026 #include <sos/list.h> >> 027 #include <sos/physmem.h> >> 028 #include <hwcore/paging.h> >> 029 #include <sos/kmem_vmm.h> >> 030 #include <sos/kmalloc.h> >> 031 #include <sos/time.h> >> 032 #include <sos/thread.h> 022 #include <sos/klibc.h> 033 #include <sos/klibc.h> 023 #include <sos/assert.h> 034 #include <sos/assert.h> 024 #include <drivers/x86_videomem.h> 035 #include <drivers/x86_videomem.h> 025 #include <drivers/bochs.h> 036 #include <drivers/bochs.h> 026 037 027 038 >> 039 /* Helper function to display each bits of a 32bits integer on the >> 040 screen as dark or light carrets */ >> 041 void display_bits(unsigned char row, unsigned char col, >> 042 unsigned char attribute, >> 043 sos_ui32_t integer) >> 044 { >> 045 int i; >> 046 /* Scan each bit of the integer, MSb first */ >> 047 for (i = 31 ; i >= 0 ; i--) >> 048 { >> 049 /* Test if bit i of 'integer' is set */ >> 050 int bit_i = (integer & (1 << i)); >> 051 /* Ascii 219 => dark carret, Ascii 177 => light carret */ >> 052 unsigned char ascii_code = bit_i?219:177; >> 053 sos_x86_videomem_putchar(row, col++, >> 054 attribute, >> 055 ascii_code); >> 056 } >> 057 } >> 058 >> 059 >> 060 /* Clock IRQ handler */ >> 061 static void clk_it(int intid) >> 062 { >> 063 static sos_ui32_t clock_count = 0; >> 064 >> 065 display_bits(0, 48, >> 066 SOS_X86_VIDEO_FG_LTGREEN | SOS_X86_VIDEO_BG_BLUE, >> 067 clock_count); >> 068 clock_count++; >> 069 >> 070 /* Execute the expired timeout actions (if any) */ >> 071 sos_time_do_tick(); >> 072 } >> 073 >> 074 >> 075 /* ====================================================================== >> 076 * Page fault exception handling >> 077 */ >> 078 >> 079 /* Helper function to dump a backtrace on bochs and/or the console */ >> 080 static void dump_backtrace(const struct sos_cpu_state *cpu_state, >> 081 sos_vaddr_t stack_bottom, >> 082 sos_size_t stack_size, >> 083 sos_bool_t on_console, >> 084 sos_bool_t on_bochs) >> 085 { >> 086 static void backtracer(sos_vaddr_t PC, >> 087 sos_vaddr_t params, >> 088 sos_ui32_t depth, >> 089 void *custom_arg) >> 090 { >> 091 sos_ui32_t invalid = 0xffffffff, *arg1, *arg2, *arg3, *arg4; >> 092 >> 093 /* Get the address of the first 3 arguments from the >> 094 frame. Among these arguments, 0, 1, 2, 3 arguments might be >> 095 meaningful (depending on how many arguments the function may >> 096 take). */ >> 097 arg1 = (sos_ui32_t*)params; >> 098 arg2 = (sos_ui32_t*)(params+4); >> 099 arg3 = (sos_ui32_t*)(params+8); >> 100 arg4 = (sos_ui32_t*)(params+12); >> 101 >> 102 /* Make sure the addresses of these arguments fit inside the >> 103 stack boundaries */ >> 104 #define INTERVAL_OK(b,v,u) ( ((b) <= (sos_vaddr_t)(v)) \ >> 105 && ((sos_vaddr_t)(v) < (u)) ) >> 106 if (!INTERVAL_OK(stack_bottom, arg1, stack_bottom + stack_size)) >> 107 arg1 = &invalid; >> 108 if (!INTERVAL_OK(stack_bottom, arg2, stack_bottom + stack_size)) >> 109 arg2 = &invalid; >> 110 if (!INTERVAL_OK(stack_bottom, arg3, stack_bottom + stack_size)) >> 111 arg3 = &invalid; >> 112 if (!INTERVAL_OK(stack_bottom, arg4, stack_bottom + stack_size)) >> 113 arg4 = &invalid; >> 114 >> 115 /* Print the function context for this frame */ >> 116 if (on_bochs) >> 117 sos_bochs_printf("[%d] PC=0x%x arg1=0x%x arg2=0x%x arg3=0x%x\n", >> 118 (unsigned)depth, (unsigned)PC, >> 119 (unsigned)*arg1, (unsigned)*arg2, >> 120 (unsigned)*arg3); >> 121 >> 122 if (on_console) >> 123 sos_x86_videomem_printf(23-depth, 3, >> 124 SOS_X86_VIDEO_BG_BLUE >> 125 | SOS_X86_VIDEO_FG_LTGREEN, >> 126 "[%d] PC=0x%x arg1=0x%x arg2=0x%x arg3=0x%x arg4=0x%x", >> 127 (unsigned)depth, PC, >> 128 (unsigned)*arg1, (unsigned)*arg2, >> 129 (unsigned)*arg3, (unsigned)*arg4); >> 130 >> 131 } >> 132 >> 133 sos_backtrace(cpu_state, 15, stack_bottom, stack_size, backtracer, NULL); >> 134 } >> 135 >> 136 >> 137 /* Page fault exception handler with demand paging for the kernel */ >> 138 static void pgflt_ex(int intid, const struct sos_cpu_state *ctxt) >> 139 { >> 140 static sos_ui32_t demand_paging_count = 0; >> 141 sos_vaddr_t faulting_vaddr = sos_cpu_context_get_EX_faulting_vaddr(ctxt); >> 142 sos_paddr_t ppage_paddr; >> 143 >> 144 /* Check if address is covered by any VMM range */ >> 145 if (! sos_kmem_vmm_is_valid_vaddr(faulting_vaddr)) >> 146 { >> 147 /* No: The page fault is out of any kernel virtual region. For >> 148 the moment, we don't handle this. */ >> 149 dump_backtrace(ctxt, >> 150 bootstrap_stack_bottom, >> 151 bootstrap_stack_size, >> 152 TRUE, TRUE); >> 153 sos_display_fatal_error("Unresolved page Fault at instruction 0x%x on access to address 0x%x (info=%x)!", >> 154 sos_cpu_context_get_PC(ctxt), >> 155 (unsigned)faulting_vaddr, >> 156 (unsigned)sos_cpu_context_get_EX_info(ctxt)); >> 157 SOS_ASSERT_FATAL(! "Got page fault (note: demand paging is disabled)"); >> 158 } >> 159 >> 160 >> 161 /* >> 162 * Demand paging >> 163 */ >> 164 >> 165 /* Update the number of demand paging requests handled */ >> 166 demand_paging_count ++; >> 167 display_bits(0, 0, >> 168 SOS_X86_VIDEO_FG_LTRED | SOS_X86_VIDEO_BG_BLUE, >> 169 demand_paging_count); >> 170 >> 171 /* Allocate a new page for the virtual address */ >> 172 ppage_paddr = sos_physmem_ref_physpage_new(FALSE); >> 173 if (! ppage_paddr) >> 174 SOS_ASSERT_FATAL(! "TODO: implement swap. (Out of mem in demand paging because no swap for kernel yet !)"); >> 175 SOS_ASSERT_FATAL(SOS_OK == sos_paging_map(ppage_paddr, >> 176 SOS_PAGE_ALIGN_INF(faulting_vaddr), >> 177 FALSE, >> 178 SOS_VM_MAP_PROT_READ >> 179 | SOS_VM_MAP_PROT_WRITE >> 180 | SOS_VM_MAP_ATOMIC)); >> 181 sos_physmem_unref_physpage(ppage_paddr); >> 182 >> 183 /* Ok, we can now return to interrupted context */ >> 184 } >> 185 >> 186 >> 187 /* ====================================================================== >> 188 * Demonstrate the use of SOS kernel threads >> 189 * - Kernel Threads are created with various priorities and their >> 190 * state is printed on both the console and the bochs' 0xe9 port >> 191 * - For tests regarding threads' synchronization, see mouse_sim.c >> 192 */ >> 193 >> 194 struct thr_arg >> 195 { >> 196 char character; >> 197 int color; >> 198 >> 199 int col; >> 200 int row; >> 201 }; >> 202 >> 203 >> 204 static void demo_thread(void *arg) >> 205 { >> 206 struct thr_arg *thr_arg = (struct thr_arg*)arg; >> 207 int progress = 0; >> 208 >> 209 sos_bochs_printf("start %c", thr_arg->character); >> 210 while (1) >> 211 { >> 212 progress ++; >> 213 display_bits(thr_arg->row, thr_arg->col+1, thr_arg->color, progress); >> 214 >> 215 sos_bochs_putchar(thr_arg->character); >> 216 >> 217 /* Yield the CPU to another thread sometimes... */ >> 218 if ((random() % 100) == 0) >> 219 { >> 220 sos_bochs_printf("[37myield(%c)[m\n", thr_arg->character); >> 221 sos_x86_videomem_putchar(thr_arg->row, thr_arg->col, 0x1e, 'Y'); >> 222 SOS_ASSERT_FATAL(SOS_OK == sos_thread_yield()); >> 223 sos_x86_videomem_putchar(thr_arg->row, thr_arg->col, 0x1e, 'R'); >> 224 } >> 225 >> 226 /* Go to sleep some other times... */ >> 227 else if ((random() % 200) == 0) >> 228 { >> 229 struct sos_time t = (struct sos_time){ .sec=0, .nanosec=50000000 }; >> 230 sos_bochs_printf("[37msleep1(%c)[m\n", thr_arg->character); >> 231 sos_x86_videomem_putchar(thr_arg->row, thr_arg->col, 0x1e, 's'); >> 232 SOS_ASSERT_FATAL(SOS_OK == sos_thread_sleep(& t)); >> 233 SOS_ASSERT_FATAL(sos_time_is_zero(& t)); >> 234 sos_x86_videomem_putchar(thr_arg->row, thr_arg->col, 0x1e, 'R'); >> 235 } >> 236 >> 237 /* Go to sleep for a longer time some other times... */ >> 238 else if ((random() % 300) == 0) >> 239 { >> 240 struct sos_time t = (struct sos_time){ .sec=0, .nanosec=300000000 }; >> 241 sos_bochs_printf("[37msleep2(%c)[m\n", thr_arg->character); >> 242 sos_x86_videomem_putchar(thr_arg->row, thr_arg->col, 0x1e, 'S'); >> 243 SOS_ASSERT_FATAL(SOS_OK == sos_thread_sleep(& t)); >> 244 SOS_ASSERT_FATAL(sos_time_is_zero(& t)); >> 245 sos_x86_videomem_putchar(thr_arg->row, thr_arg->col, 0x1e, 'R'); >> 246 } >> 247 >> 248 /* Infinite loop otherwise */ >> 249 } >> 250 } 028 251 029 /* The C entry point of our operating system * !! 252 >> 253 static void test_thread() >> 254 { >> 255 /* "static" variables because we want them to remain even when the >> 256 function returns */ >> 257 static struct thr_arg arg_b, arg_c, arg_d, arg_e, arg_R, arg_S; >> 258 sos_ui32_t flags; >> 259 >> 260 sos_disable_IRQs(flags); >> 261 >> 262 arg_b = (struct thr_arg) { .character='b', .col=0, .row=21, .color=0x14 }; >> 263 sos_create_kernel_thread("YO[b]", demo_thread, (void*)&arg_b); >> 264 >> 265 arg_c = (struct thr_arg) { .character='c', .col=46, .row=21, .color=0x14 }; >> 266 sos_create_kernel_thread("YO[c]", demo_thread, (void*)&arg_c); >> 267 >> 268 arg_d = (struct thr_arg) { .character='d', .col=0, .row=20, .color=0x14 }; >> 269 sos_create_kernel_thread("YO[d]", demo_thread, (void*)&arg_d); >> 270 >> 271 arg_e = (struct thr_arg) { .character='e', .col=0, .row=19, .color=0x14 }; >> 272 sos_create_kernel_thread("YO[e]", demo_thread, (void*)&arg_e); >> 273 >> 274 arg_R = (struct thr_arg) { .character='R', .col=0, .row=17, .color=0x1c }; >> 275 sos_create_kernel_thread("YO[R]", demo_thread, (void*)&arg_R); >> 276 >> 277 arg_S = (struct thr_arg) { .character='S', .col=0, .row=16, .color=0x1c }; >> 278 sos_create_kernel_thread("YO[S]", demo_thread, (void*)&arg_S); >> 279 >> 280 sos_restore_IRQs(flags); >> 281 } >> 282 >> 283 >> 284 /* ====================================================================== >> 285 * An operating system MUST always have a ready thread ! Otherwise: >> 286 * what would the CPU have to execute ?! >> 287 */ >> 288 static void idle_thread() >> 289 { >> 290 sos_ui32_t idle_twiddle = 0; >> 291 >> 292 while (1) >> 293 { >> 294 /* Remove this instruction if you get an "Invalid opcode" CPU >> 295 exception (old 80386 CPU) */ >> 296 asm("hlt\n"); >> 297 >> 298 idle_twiddle ++; >> 299 display_bits(0, 0, SOS_X86_VIDEO_FG_GREEN | SOS_X86_VIDEO_BG_BLUE, >> 300 idle_twiddle); >> 301 >> 302 /* Lend the CPU to some other thread */ >> 303 sos_thread_yield(); >> 304 } >> 305 } >> 306 >> 307 >> 308 /* ====================================================================== >> 309 * The C entry point of our operating system >> 310 */ 030 void sos_main(unsigned long magic, unsigned lo 311 void sos_main(unsigned long magic, unsigned long addr) 031 { 312 { 032 unsigned i; 313 unsigned i; >> 314 sos_paddr_t sos_kernel_core_base_paddr, sos_kernel_core_top_paddr; >> 315 struct sos_time tick_resolution; 033 316 034 /* Grub sends us a structure, called multibo 317 /* Grub sends us a structure, called multiboot_info_t with a lot of 035 precious informations about the system, s 318 precious informations about the system, see the multiboot 036 documentation for more information. */ 319 documentation for more information. */ 037 multiboot_info_t *mbi; 320 multiboot_info_t *mbi; 038 mbi = (multiboot_info_t *) addr; 321 mbi = (multiboot_info_t *) addr; 039 322 040 /* Setup bochs and console, and clear the co 323 /* Setup bochs and console, and clear the console */ 041 sos_bochs_setup(); 324 sos_bochs_setup(); 042 325 043 sos_x86_videomem_setup(); 326 sos_x86_videomem_setup(); 044 sos_x86_videomem_cls(SOS_X86_VIDEO_BG_BLUE); 327 sos_x86_videomem_cls(SOS_X86_VIDEO_BG_BLUE); 045 328 046 /* Greetings from SOS */ 329 /* Greetings from SOS */ 047 if (magic == MULTIBOOT_BOOTLOADER_MAGIC) 330 if (magic == MULTIBOOT_BOOTLOADER_MAGIC) 048 /* Loaded with Grub */ 331 /* Loaded with Grub */ 049 sos_x86_videomem_printf(1, 0, 332 sos_x86_videomem_printf(1, 0, 050 SOS_X86_VIDEO_FG_Y 333 SOS_X86_VIDEO_FG_YELLOW | SOS_X86_VIDEO_BG_BLUE, 051 "Welcome From GRUB 334 "Welcome From GRUB to %s%c RAM is %dMB (upper mem = 0x%x kB)", 052 "SOS", ',', !! 335 "SOS article 6.5", ',', 053 (unsigned)(mbi->me 336 (unsigned)(mbi->mem_upper >> 10) + 1, 054 (unsigned)mbi->mem 337 (unsigned)mbi->mem_upper); 055 else 338 else 056 /* Not loaded with grub */ 339 /* Not loaded with grub */ 057 sos_x86_videomem_printf(1, 0, 340 sos_x86_videomem_printf(1, 0, 058 SOS_X86_VIDEO_FG_Y 341 SOS_X86_VIDEO_FG_YELLOW | SOS_X86_VIDEO_BG_BLUE, 059 "Welcome to SOS"); !! 342 "Welcome to SOS article 6.5"); 060 << 061 sos_bochs_putstring("Message in a bochs\n"); << 062 << 063 343 064 /* An operatig system never ends */ !! 344 sos_bochs_putstring("Message in a bochs: This is SOS article 6.5.\n"); 065 for (;;) << 066 continue; << 067 345 068 return; !! 346 /* Setup CPU segmentation and IRQ subsystem */ >> 347 sos_gdt_subsystem_setup(); >> 348 sos_idt_subsystem_setup(); >> 349 >> 350 /* Setup SOS IRQs and exceptions subsystem */ >> 351 sos_exception_subsystem_setup(); >> 352 sos_irq_subsystem_setup(); >> 353 >> 354 /* Configure the timer so as to raise the IRQ0 at a 100Hz rate */ >> 355 sos_i8254_set_frequency(100); >> 356 >> 357 /* Setup the kernel time subsystem to get prepared to take the timer >> 358 ticks into account */ >> 359 tick_resolution = (struct sos_time) { .sec=0, .nanosec=10000000UL }; >> 360 sos_time_subsysem_setup(& tick_resolution); >> 361 >> 362 /* We need a multiboot-compliant boot loader to get the size of the RAM */ >> 363 if (magic != MULTIBOOT_BOOTLOADER_MAGIC) >> 364 { >> 365 sos_x86_videomem_putstring(20, 0, >> 366 SOS_X86_VIDEO_FG_LTRED >> 367 | SOS_X86_VIDEO_BG_BLUE >> 368 | SOS_X86_VIDEO_FG_BLINKING, >> 369 "I'm not loaded with Grub !"); >> 370 /* STOP ! */ >> 371 for (;;) >> 372 continue; >> 373 } >> 374 >> 375 /* >> 376 * Some interrupt handlers >> 377 */ >> 378 >> 379 /* Binding some HW interrupts and exceptions to software routines */ >> 380 sos_irq_set_routine(SOS_IRQ_TIMER, >> 381 clk_it); >> 382 >> 383 /* >> 384 * Setup physical memory management >> 385 */ >> 386 >> 387 /* Multiboot says: "The value returned for upper memory is maximally >> 388 the address of the first upper memory hole minus 1 megabyte.". It >> 389 also adds: "It is not guaranteed to be this value." aka "YMMV" ;) */ >> 390 sos_physmem_subsystem_setup((mbi->mem_upper<<10) + (1<<20), >> 391 & sos_kernel_core_base_paddr, >> 392 & sos_kernel_core_top_paddr); >> 393 >> 394 /* >> 395 * Switch to paged-memory mode >> 396 */ >> 397 >> 398 /* Disabling interrupts should seem more correct, but it's not really >> 399 necessary at this stage */ >> 400 SOS_ASSERT_FATAL(SOS_OK == >> 401 sos_paging_subsystem_setup(sos_kernel_core_base_paddr, >> 402 sos_kernel_core_top_paddr)); >> 403 >> 404 /* Bind the page fault exception */ >> 405 sos_exception_set_routine(SOS_EXCEPT_PAGE_FAULT, >> 406 pgflt_ex); >> 407 >> 408 /* >> 409 * Setup kernel virtual memory allocator >> 410 */ >> 411 >> 412 if (sos_kmem_vmm_subsystem_setup(sos_kernel_core_base_paddr, >> 413 sos_kernel_core_top_paddr, >> 414 bootstrap_stack_bottom, >> 415 bootstrap_stack_bottom >> 416 + bootstrap_stack_size)) >> 417 sos_bochs_printf("Could not setup the Kernel virtual space allocator\n"); >> 418 >> 419 if (sos_kmalloc_subsystem_setup()) >> 420 sos_bochs_printf("Could not setup the Kmalloc subsystem\n"); >> 421 >> 422 /* >> 423 * Initialize the Kernel thread and scheduler subsystems >> 424 */ >> 425 >> 426 /* Initialize kernel thread subsystem */ >> 427 sos_thread_subsystem_setup(bootstrap_stack_bottom, >> 428 bootstrap_stack_size); >> 429 >> 430 /* Initialize the scheduler */ >> 431 sos_sched_subsystem_setup(); >> 432 >> 433 /* Declare the IDLE thread */ >> 434 SOS_ASSERT_FATAL(sos_create_kernel_thread("idle", idle_thread, NULL) != NULL); >> 435 >> 436 /* Enabling the HW interrupts here, this will make the timer HW >> 437 interrupt call the scheduler */ >> 438 asm volatile ("sti\n"); >> 439 >> 440 >> 441 /* Now run some Kernel threads just for fun ! */ >> 442 extern void MouseSim(); >> 443 MouseSim(); >> 444 test_thread(); >> 445 >> 446 /* >> 447 * We can safely exit from this function now, for there is already >> 448 * an idle Kernel thread ready to make the CPU busy working... >> 449 * >> 450 * However, we must EXPLICITELY call sos_thread_exit() because a >> 451 * simple "return" will return nowhere ! Actually this first thread >> 452 * was initialized by the Grub bootstrap stage, at a time when the >> 453 * word "thread" did not exist. This means that the stack was not >> 454 * setup in order for a return here to call sos_thread_exit() >> 455 * automagically. Hence we must call it manually. This is the ONLY >> 456 * kernel thread where we must do this manually. >> 457 */ >> 458 sos_bochs_printf("Bye from primary thread !\n"); >> 459 sos_thread_exit(); >> 460 SOS_FATAL_ERROR("No trespassing !"); 069 } 461 }
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