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001 /* Copyright (C) 2004 The SOS Team 001 /* Copyright (C) 2004 The SOS Team >> 002 Copyright (C) 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 002 003 003 This program is free software; you can redi 004 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or 004 modify it under the terms of the GNU Genera 005 modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License 005 as published by the Free Software Foundatio 006 as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 006 of the License, or (at your option) any lat 007 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. 007 008 008 This program is distributed in the hope tha 009 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, 009 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the 010 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of 010 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR 011 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the 011 GNU General Public License for more details 012 GNU General Public License for more details. 012 013 013 You should have received a copy of the GNU 014 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License 014 along with this program; if not, write to t 015 along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software 015 Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 3 016 Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, 016 USA. 017 USA. 017 */ 018 */ 018 019 019 /* Include definitions of the multiboot standa 020 /* Include definitions of the multiboot standard */ 020 #include <bootstrap/multiboot.h> 021 #include <bootstrap/multiboot.h> 021 #include <hwcore/idt.h> 022 #include <hwcore/idt.h> 022 #include <hwcore/gdt.h> 023 #include <hwcore/gdt.h> 023 #include <hwcore/irq.h> 024 #include <hwcore/irq.h> 024 #include <hwcore/exception.h> 025 #include <hwcore/exception.h> 025 #include <hwcore/i8254.h> 026 #include <hwcore/i8254.h> 026 #include <sos/list.h> << 027 #include <sos/physmem.h> << 028 #include <hwcore/paging.h> << 029 #include <hwcore/mm_context.h> << 030 #include <hwcore/swintr.h> << 031 #include <sos/kmem_vmm.h> << 032 #include <sos/kmalloc.h> << 033 #include <sos/time.h> << 034 #include <sos/thread.h> << 035 #include <sos/process.h> << 036 #include <sos/umem_vmm.h> << 037 #include <sos/klibc.h> 027 #include <sos/klibc.h> 038 #include <sos/assert.h> 028 #include <sos/assert.h> 039 #include <drivers/x86_videomem.h> 029 #include <drivers/x86_videomem.h> 040 #include <drivers/bochs.h> 030 #include <drivers/bochs.h> 041 #include <sos/calcload.h> << 042 #include <sos/umem_vmm.h> << 043 #include <sos/binfmt_elf32.h> << 044 #include <drivers/zero.h> << 045 031 046 032 047 /* Helper function to display each bits of a 3 033 /* Helper function to display each bits of a 32bits integer on the 048 screen as dark or light carrets */ 034 screen as dark or light carrets */ 049 void display_bits(unsigned char row, unsigned !! 035 static void display_bits(unsigned char row, unsigned char col, 050 unsigned char attribute, !! 036 unsigned char attribute, 051 sos_ui32_t integer) !! 037 sos_ui32_t integer) 052 { 038 { 053 int i; 039 int i; 054 /* Scan each bit of the integer, MSb first * 040 /* Scan each bit of the integer, MSb first */ 055 for (i = 31 ; i >= 0 ; i--) 041 for (i = 31 ; i >= 0 ; i--) 056 { 042 { 057 /* Test if bit i of 'integer' is set */ 043 /* Test if bit i of 'integer' is set */ 058 int bit_i = (integer & (1 << i)); 044 int bit_i = (integer & (1 << i)); 059 /* Ascii 219 => dark carret, Ascii 177 = 045 /* Ascii 219 => dark carret, Ascii 177 => light carret */ 060 unsigned char ascii_code = bit_i?219:177 046 unsigned char ascii_code = bit_i?219:177; 061 sos_x86_videomem_putchar(row, col++, 047 sos_x86_videomem_putchar(row, col++, 062 attribute, 048 attribute, 063 ascii_code); 049 ascii_code); 064 } 050 } 065 } 051 } 066 052 067 053 068 /* Clock IRQ handler */ 054 /* Clock IRQ handler */ 069 static void clk_it(int intid) 055 static void clk_it(int intid) 070 { 056 { 071 static sos_ui32_t clock_count = 0; 057 static sos_ui32_t clock_count = 0; 072 058 073 display_bits(0, 48, 059 display_bits(0, 48, 074 SOS_X86_VIDEO_FG_LTGREEN | SOS_ 060 SOS_X86_VIDEO_FG_LTGREEN | SOS_X86_VIDEO_BG_BLUE, 075 clock_count); 061 clock_count); 076 clock_count++; 062 clock_count++; 077 063 078 /* Execute the expired timeout actions (if a << 079 sos_time_do_tick(); << 080 << 081 /* Update scheduler statistics and status */ << 082 sos_sched_do_timer_tick(); << 083 } 064 } 084 065 085 !! 066 /* Division by zero exception handler */ 086 /* =========================================== !! 067 static void divide_ex(int exid) 087 * Page fault exception handling << 088 */ << 089 << 090 << 091 /* Page fault exception handler with demand pa << 092 static void pgflt_ex(int intid, struct sos_cpu << 093 { 068 { 094 static sos_ui32_t demand_paging_count = 0; !! 069 static sos_ui32_t div_count = 0; 095 struct sos_thread * cur_thr = sos_thread_get << 096 sos_vaddr_t faulting_vaddr = sos_cpu_contex << 097 sos_paddr_t ppage_paddr; << 098 << 099 if (sos_cpu_context_is_in_user_mode(ctxt) << 100 || (cur_thr->fixup_uaccess.return_vaddr) << 101 { << 102 __label__ unforce_address_space; << 103 sos_bool_t need_to_setup_mmu; << 104 sos_ui32_t errcode = sos_cpu_context_get << 105 << 106 /* Make sure to always stay in the inter << 107 configuration */ << 108 need_to_setup_mmu = (cur_thr->squatted_m << 109 != sos_process_get_ << 110 if (need_to_setup_mmu) << 111 sos_thread_prepare_user_space_access(N << 112 << 113 if (SOS_OK == << 114 sos_umem_vmm_try_resolve_page_fault( << 115 << 116 << 117 goto unforce_address_space; << 118 << 119 /* If the page fault occured in kernel m << 120 the fixup address */ << 121 if (! sos_cpu_context_is_in_user_mode(ct << 122 { << 123 cur_thr->fixup_uaccess.faulted_uaddr << 124 sos_cpu_context_set_EX_return_addres << 125 << 126 goto unforce_address_space; << 127 } << 128 << 129 if (need_to_setup_mmu) << 130 sos_thread_end_user_space_access(); << 131 << 132 sos_bochs_printf("Unresolved USER page F << 133 sos_cpu_context_get_PC( << 134 (unsigned)faulting_vadd << 135 (unsigned)sos_cpu_conte << 136 sos_bochs_printf("Terminating User threa << 137 sos_thread_exit(); << 138 << 139 unforce_address_space: << 140 if (need_to_setup_mmu) << 141 sos_thread_end_user_space_access(); << 142 return; << 143 } << 144 << 145 /* Check if address is covered by any VMM ra << 146 if (! sos_kmem_vmm_is_valid_vaddr(faulting_v << 147 { << 148 /* No: The page fault is out of any kern << 149 the moment, we don't handle this. */ << 150 sos_display_fatal_error("Unresolved page << 151 sos_cpu_context_ << 152 (unsigned)faulti << 153 (unsigned)sos_cp << 154 SOS_ASSERT_FATAL(! "Got page fault (note << 155 } << 156 << 157 << 158 /* << 159 * Demand paging in kernel space << 160 */ << 161 << 162 /* Update the number of demand paging reques << 163 demand_paging_count ++; << 164 display_bits(0, 0, 070 display_bits(0, 0, 165 SOS_X86_VIDEO_FG_LTRED | SOS_X8 071 SOS_X86_VIDEO_FG_LTRED | SOS_X86_VIDEO_BG_BLUE, 166 demand_paging_count); !! 072 div_count); 167 !! 073 div_count++; 168 /* Allocate a new page for the virtual addre << 169 ppage_paddr = sos_physmem_ref_physpage_new(F << 170 if (! ppage_paddr) << 171 SOS_ASSERT_FATAL(! "TODO: implement swap. << 172 SOS_ASSERT_FATAL(SOS_OK == sos_paging_map(pp << 173 SO << 174 FA << 175 SO << 176 | << 177 | << 178 sos_physmem_unref_physpage(ppage_paddr); << 179 << 180 /* Ok, we can now return to interrupted cont << 181 } << 182 << 183 << 184 << 185 /* =========================================== << 186 * An operating system MUST always have a read << 187 * what would the CPU have to execute ?! << 188 */ << 189 static void idle_thread() << 190 { << 191 sos_ui32_t idle_twiddle = 0; << 192 << 193 while (1) << 194 { << 195 /* Remove this instruction if you get an << 196 exception (old 80386 CPU) */ << 197 asm("hlt\n"); << 198 << 199 idle_twiddle ++; << 200 display_bits(0, 0, SOS_X86_VIDEO_FG_GREE << 201 idle_twiddle); << 202 << 203 /* Lend the CPU to some other thread */ << 204 sos_thread_yield(); << 205 } << 206 } << 207 << 208 << 209 /* =========================================== << 210 * Kernel thread showing some CPU usage statis << 211 */ << 212 static void stat_thread() << 213 { << 214 while (1) << 215 { << 216 sos_ui32_t flags; << 217 sos_ui32_t load1, load5, load15; << 218 char str1[11], str5[11], str15[11]; << 219 struct sos_time t; << 220 t.sec = 1; << 221 t.nanosec = 0; << 222 << 223 sos_thread_sleep(& t); << 224 << 225 sos_disable_IRQs(flags); << 226 << 227 /* The IDLE task is EXcluded in the foll << 228 sos_load_get_sload(&load1, &load5, &load << 229 sos_load_to_string(str1, load1); << 230 sos_load_to_string(str5, load5); << 231 sos_load_to_string(str15, load15); << 232 sos_x86_videomem_printf(16, 34, << 233 SOS_X86_VIDEO_FG << 234 "Kernel (- Idle) << 235 str1, str5, str1 << 236 << 237 sos_load_get_uload(&load1, &load5, &load << 238 sos_load_to_string(str1, load1); << 239 sos_load_to_string(str5, load5); << 240 sos_load_to_string(str15, load15); << 241 sos_x86_videomem_printf(17, 34, << 242 SOS_X86_VIDEO_FG << 243 "User: %s %s %s << 244 str1, str5, str1 << 245 << 246 sos_load_get_uratio(&load1, &load5, &loa << 247 sos_load_to_string(str1, load1); << 248 sos_load_to_string(str5, load5); << 249 sos_load_to_string(str15, load15); << 250 sos_x86_videomem_printf(18, 34, << 251 SOS_X86_VIDEO_FG << 252 "User CPU %%: %s << 253 str1, str5, str1 << 254 << 255 /* The IDLE task is INcluded in the foll << 256 sos_load_get_sratio(&load1, &load5, &loa << 257 sos_load_to_string(str1, load1); << 258 sos_load_to_string(str5, load5); << 259 sos_load_to_string(str15, load15); << 260 sos_x86_videomem_printf(19, 34, << 261 SOS_X86_VIDEO_FG << 262 "Kernel CPU %% ( << 263 str1, str5, str1 << 264 sos_restore_IRQs(flags); << 265 } << 266 } << 267 << 268 << 269 /* =========================================== << 270 * Start the "init" (userland) process << 271 */ << 272 static sos_ret_t start_init() << 273 { << 274 sos_ret_t retval; << 275 struct sos_umem_vmm_as *as_init; << 276 struct sos_process *proc_init; << 277 struct sos_thread *new_thr; << 278 sos_uaddr_t ustack, start_uaddr; << 279 << 280 /* Create the new process */ << 281 proc_init = sos_process_create("init", FALSE << 282 if (! proc_init) << 283 return -SOS_ENOMEM; << 284 as_init = sos_process_get_address_space(proc << 285 << 286 /* Map the 'init' program in user space */ << 287 start_uaddr = sos_binfmt_elf32_map(as_init, << 288 if (0 == start_uaddr) << 289 { << 290 sos_process_unref(proc_init); << 291 return -SOS_ENOENT; << 292 } << 293 << 294 /* Allocate the user stack */ << 295 ustack = (SOS_PAGING_TOP_USER_ADDRESS - SOS_ << 296 retval = sos_dev_zero_map(as_init, &ustack, << 297 SOS_VM_MAP_PROT_RE << 298 /* PRIVATE */ 0); << 299 if (SOS_OK != retval) << 300 { << 301 sos_bochs_printf("ici 2\n"); << 302 sos_process_unref(proc_init); << 303 return -SOS_ENOMEM; << 304 } << 305 << 306 /* Now create the user thread */ << 307 new_thr = sos_create_user_thread(NULL, << 308 proc_init, << 309 start_uaddr << 310 0, 0, << 311 ustack + SO << 312 SOS_SCHED_P << 313 if (! new_thr) << 314 { << 315 sos_bochs_printf("ici 3\n"); << 316 sos_process_unref(proc_init); << 317 return -SOS_ENOMEM; << 318 } << 319 << 320 sos_process_unref(proc_init); << 321 return SOS_OK; << 322 } 074 } 323 075 324 !! 076 /* The C entry point of our operating system */ 325 /* =========================================== << 326 * The C entry point of our operating system << 327 */ << 328 void sos_main(unsigned long magic, unsigned lo 077 void sos_main(unsigned long magic, unsigned long addr) 329 { 078 { 330 unsigned i; 079 unsigned i; 331 sos_paddr_t sos_kernel_core_base_paddr, sos_ << 332 struct sos_time tick_resolution; << 333 080 334 /* Grub sends us a structure, called multibo 081 /* Grub sends us a structure, called multiboot_info_t with a lot of 335 precious informations about the system, s 082 precious informations about the system, see the multiboot 336 documentation for more information. */ 083 documentation for more information. */ 337 multiboot_info_t *mbi; 084 multiboot_info_t *mbi; 338 mbi = (multiboot_info_t *) addr; 085 mbi = (multiboot_info_t *) addr; 339 086 340 /* Setup bochs and console, and clear the co 087 /* Setup bochs and console, and clear the console */ 341 sos_bochs_setup(); 088 sos_bochs_setup(); 342 089 343 sos_x86_videomem_setup(); 090 sos_x86_videomem_setup(); 344 sos_x86_videomem_cls(SOS_X86_VIDEO_BG_BLUE); 091 sos_x86_videomem_cls(SOS_X86_VIDEO_BG_BLUE); 345 092 346 /* Greetings from SOS */ 093 /* Greetings from SOS */ 347 if (magic == MULTIBOOT_BOOTLOADER_MAGIC) 094 if (magic == MULTIBOOT_BOOTLOADER_MAGIC) 348 /* Loaded with Grub */ 095 /* Loaded with Grub */ 349 sos_x86_videomem_printf(1, 0, 096 sos_x86_videomem_printf(1, 0, 350 SOS_X86_VIDEO_FG_Y 097 SOS_X86_VIDEO_FG_YELLOW | SOS_X86_VIDEO_BG_BLUE, 351 "Welcome From GRUB 098 "Welcome From GRUB to %s%c RAM is %dMB (upper mem = 0x%x kB)", 352 "SOS article 7.5", !! 099 "SOS", ',', 353 (unsigned)(mbi->me 100 (unsigned)(mbi->mem_upper >> 10) + 1, 354 (unsigned)mbi->mem 101 (unsigned)mbi->mem_upper); 355 else 102 else 356 /* Not loaded with grub */ 103 /* Not loaded with grub */ 357 sos_x86_videomem_printf(1, 0, 104 sos_x86_videomem_printf(1, 0, 358 SOS_X86_VIDEO_FG_Y 105 SOS_X86_VIDEO_FG_YELLOW | SOS_X86_VIDEO_BG_BLUE, 359 "Welcome to SOS ar !! 106 "Welcome to SOS"); 360 107 361 sos_bochs_putstring("Message in a bochs: Thi !! 108 sos_bochs_putstring("Message in a bochs\n"); 362 109 363 /* Setup CPU segmentation and IRQ subsystem 110 /* Setup CPU segmentation and IRQ subsystem */ 364 sos_gdt_subsystem_setup(); !! 111 sos_gdt_setup(); 365 sos_idt_subsystem_setup(); !! 112 sos_idt_setup(); 366 113 367 /* Setup SOS IRQs and exceptions subsystem * 114 /* Setup SOS IRQs and exceptions subsystem */ 368 sos_exception_subsystem_setup(); !! 115 sos_exceptions_setup(); 369 sos_irq_subsystem_setup(); !! 116 sos_irq_setup(); 370 117 371 /* Configure the timer so as to raise the IR 118 /* Configure the timer so as to raise the IRQ0 at a 100Hz rate */ 372 sos_i8254_set_frequency(100); 119 sos_i8254_set_frequency(100); 373 120 374 /* Setup the kernel time subsystem to get pr << 375 ticks into account */ << 376 tick_resolution = (struct sos_time) { .sec=0 << 377 sos_time_subsysem_setup(& tick_resolution); << 378 << 379 /* We need a multiboot-compliant boot loader << 380 if (magic != MULTIBOOT_BOOTLOADER_MAGIC) << 381 { << 382 sos_x86_videomem_putstring(20, 0, << 383 SOS_X86_VIDEO << 384 | SOS_X86_V << 385 | SOS_X86_V << 386 "I'm not load << 387 /* STOP ! */ << 388 for (;;) << 389 continue; << 390 } << 391 << 392 /* << 393 * Some interrupt handlers << 394 */ << 395 << 396 /* Binding some HW interrupts and exceptions 121 /* Binding some HW interrupts and exceptions to software routines */ 397 sos_irq_set_routine(SOS_IRQ_TIMER, 122 sos_irq_set_routine(SOS_IRQ_TIMER, 398 clk_it); !! 123 clk_it); 399 !! 124 sos_exception_set_routine(SOS_EXCEPT_DIVIDE_ERROR, 400 /* !! 125 divide_ex); 401 * Setup physical memory management << 402 */ << 403 << 404 /* Multiboot says: "The value returned for u << 405 the address of the first upper memory hol << 406 also adds: "It is not guaranteed to be th << 407 sos_physmem_subsystem_setup((mbi->mem_upper< << 408 & sos_kernel_cor << 409 & sos_kernel_cor << 410 << 411 /* << 412 * Switch to paged-memory mode << 413 */ << 414 << 415 /* Disabling interrupts should seem more cor << 416 necessary at this stage */ << 417 SOS_ASSERT_FATAL(SOS_OK == << 418 sos_paging_subsystem_setup( << 419 << 420 << 421 /* Bind the page fault exception */ << 422 sos_exception_set_routine(SOS_EXCEPT_PAGE_FA << 423 pgflt_ex); << 424 << 425 /* << 426 * Setup kernel virtual memory allocator << 427 */ << 428 << 429 if (sos_kmem_vmm_subsystem_setup(sos_kernel_ << 430 sos_kernel_ << 431 bootstrap_s << 432 bootstrap_s << 433 + bootstrap << 434 sos_bochs_printf("Could not setup the Kern << 435 << 436 if (sos_kmalloc_subsystem_setup()) << 437 sos_bochs_printf("Could not setup the Kmal << 438 << 439 /* << 440 * Initialize the MMU context subsystem << 441 */ << 442 sos_mm_context_subsystem_setup(); << 443 << 444 /* << 445 * Initialize the CPU context subsystem << 446 */ << 447 sos_cpu_context_subsystem_setup(); << 448 << 449 /* << 450 * Bind the syscall handler to its software << 451 */ << 452 sos_swintr_subsystem_setup(); << 453 << 454 << 455 /* << 456 * Initialize the Kernel thread and schedule << 457 */ << 458 << 459 /* Initialize kernel thread subsystem */ << 460 sos_thread_subsystem_setup(bootstrap_stack_b << 461 bootstrap_stack_s << 462 << 463 /* Initialize the scheduler */ << 464 sos_sched_subsystem_setup(); << 465 << 466 /* Declare the IDLE thread */ << 467 SOS_ASSERT_FATAL(sos_create_kernel_thread("i << 468 SO << 469 << 470 /* Prepare the stats subsystem */ << 471 sos_load_subsystem_setup(); << 472 << 473 /* Declare a thread that prints some stats * << 474 SOS_ASSERT_FATAL(sos_create_kernel_thread("s << 475 NU << 476 SO << 477 << 478 << 479 /* << 480 * Initialise user address space management << 481 */ << 482 sos_umem_vmm_subsystem_setup(); << 483 sos_dev_zero_subsystem_setup(); << 484 << 485 /* << 486 * Initialize process stuff << 487 */ << 488 sos_process_subsystem_setup(); << 489 << 490 << 491 /* Enabling the HW interrupts here, this wil 126 /* Enabling the HW interrupts here, this will make the timer HW 492 interrupt call the scheduler */ !! 127 interrupt call our clk_it handler */ 493 asm volatile ("sti\n"); 128 asm volatile ("sti\n"); 494 129 495 /* Start the 'init' process, which in turns !! 130 /* Raise a rafale of 'division by 0' exceptions. All this code is 496 programs */ !! 131 not really needed (equivalent to a bare "i=1/0;"), except when 497 start_init(); !! 132 compiling with -O3: "i=1/0;" is considered dead code with gcc 498 !! 133 -O3. */ 499 /* !! 134 i = 10; 500 * We can safely exit from this function now !! 135 while (1) 501 * an idle Kernel thread ready to make the C !! 136 { 502 * !! 137 /* Stupid function call to fool gcc optimizations */ 503 * However, we must EXPLICITELY call sos_thr !! 138 sos_bochs_printf("i = 1 / %d...\n", i); 504 * simple "return" will return nowhere ! Act !! 139 i = 1 / i; 505 * was initialized by the Grub bootstrap sta !! 140 } 506 * word "thread" did not exist. This means t !! 141 507 * setup in order for a return here to call !! 142 /* Will never print this since the "divide by zero" exception always 508 * automagically. Hence we must call it manu !! 143 returns to the faulting instruction (see Intel x86 doc vol 3, 509 * kernel thread where we must do this manua !! 144 section 5.12), thus re-evaluating the "divide-by-zero" exprssion 510 */ !! 145 and raising the "divide by zero" exception again and again... */ 511 sos_bochs_printf("Bye from primary thread !\ !! 146 sos_x86_videomem_putstring(2, 0, 512 sos_thread_exit(); !! 147 SOS_X86_VIDEO_FG_LTRED | SOS_X86_VIDEO_BG_BLUE, 513 SOS_FATAL_ERROR("No trespassing !"); !! 148 "Invisible"); >> 149 >> 150 return; 514 } 151 }
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